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<p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 3em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 18px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px;">台湾乳白蚁,Coptotermes formosanus ,属蜚蠊目,等翅亚目,</span></span><a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%BC%BB%E7%99%BD%E8%9A%81%E7%A7%91" target="_blank" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(18, 167, 237); text-decoration-line: underline; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">鼻白蚁科</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">乳白蚁属的一种白蚁。广布于中国长江以南的各省,包括台湾、海南、香港和澳门等地区。是危害房屋建筑、桥梁和四旁绿化树木最严重的一种土、木两栖白蚁。为害林木时,尤喜在古树名木及行道树内筑巢,使之生长衰弱,甚至枯死。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 3em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"> </span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">1、形态特征</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: 3em; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 24px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px;"> 兵蚁头部和触角浅黄色,上颚黑褐色,腹部乳白色。头呈水滴形,头宽1.07-1.25㎜,上颚镰刀状,前额中央有发达的额腺,受惊时可分泌白色乳状液体。前胸背板平坦,较头部狭窄。有翅繁殖蚁体深黄褐色,翅淡黄色。</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 12px; font-family: 微软雅黑; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; white-space: normal; text-align: center;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 24px;"></span><img width="286" height="283" title="1581498295505505.png" alt="image.png" src="https://www.gdkejian.com/Uploads/image/20200212/1581498295505505.png" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;"/></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 3em; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px;"></span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">2、生物学</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 3em; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"> 可在地上、地下及树干内筑巢,巢外排积物及婚飞孔明显。危害建筑木材、埋地电缆、贮藏物及农林作物、树木等。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 3em; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px;">(1)</span></span>分布范围<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;"></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 3em; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"> 台湾乳白蚁分布在北纬<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">33.5</span>度以南的地区,愈向南越严重,是广东省危害最严重的白蚁。此种白蚁原以台湾采集的标本定名,现在已扩散到美国南部、西南部各州和夏威夷、日本、南非、斯里兰卡等国家</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px; text-decoration-line: underline;">。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 3em; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"> </span><a style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(18, 167, 237); transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">(2)</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">蚁巢的形状、结构和类型</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 3em; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"> 蚁巢形状是不规则的,可以是圆形、方形、长椭圆形,依筑巢位置的空间而定。蚁巢是由泥沙、纤维材料、白蚁的粪便和分泌的唾液粘合而成,巢外围一层<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">3</span>-<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">5</span>㎝的泥土表层作为防水层。巢内有许多同心圆或蜂窝状排列的巢片,在主巢的近中央位置常有一个半月形的王室,周围结构坚固。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 3em; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">蚁巢有主巢和副巢之分。主巢<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">1</span>个,内有王宫;副巢<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">0</span>-<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">5</span>个,无王宫。白蚁受惊扰时,可以迁巢。巢中<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">CO<sub style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">2</sub></span>的浓度比空气中高出数十至一、二百倍。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 3em; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><a style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(18, 167, 237); transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">(3)</a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">婚飞</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 3em; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">当台湾乳白蚁巢群发育成熟时,巢内就会出现有翅繁殖蚁,一般每年<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">4</span>-<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">6</span>月份的黄昏<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">19</span>-<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">20</span>时婚飞,愈向南方愈早。婚飞对气候条件要求严格,要求气压<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">1001.2</span>-<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">1013.2</span>毫米汞柱,湿度在<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">85%</span>以上,温度在<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">24</span>-<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">35</span>℃之间。婚飞前先由工蚁打开孔口,婚飞的有翅繁殖蚁经飞翔落地,在爬动中脱翅,雌雄追逐配对,寻找适宜的场所建立新的蚁巢。一个蚁巢每年需几次才婚飞完,有的蚁巢连续几年婚飞或中间间断一年不婚飞的现象。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 3em; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><a style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(18, 167, 237); transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">(4)</a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">蚁巢的初建期</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 3em; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">初建蚁巢一般紧靠土中的木块旁,或在两块木块之间,以获得充足的水分及食料。脱翅成虫建巢后<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">10</span>天左右开始产卵,卵粒产出后需经<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">31</span>-<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">35</span>天孵化,孵化出的幼蚁要经<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">3</span>次蜕皮,经历<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">8</span>-<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">10</span>天才发育为工蚁,<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">21</span>-<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">35</span>天开始出现兵蚁。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 3em; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><a style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(18, 167, 237); transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">(5)</a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">群体的生长发育及成熟年龄</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 3em; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">台湾乳白蚁初建巢群在半年到一年内,群体数量很少,随着巢龄的增加,蚁数逐年增加。据观察,在广州及附近地区,台湾乳白蚁从配对建巢开始,到发育成熟完成一个生活周期约需8年。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 3em; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"> (6)主巢的外露特征</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 3em; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"> 成熟的台湾乳白蚁巢,常有下列外露特征:</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 3em; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"> 1)婚飞孔:婚飞孔是有翅繁殖蚁婚飞出去的孔口,常开在蚁巢上方、向阳、方便飞出的位置,从建筑物看,多在木柱、门框、窗框墙边。婚飞孔多呈长条形,长<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">20</span>-<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">50mm</span>,宽<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">2</span>-<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">3mm</span>。也有的婚飞孔是利用木材裂缝、砖灰缝等,形状呈不规则的、肾状和颗粒状等。婚飞孔大多靠近蚁巢,数量不固定,有几个到十几个不等。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 3em; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"> 2)排积物:工蚁筑巢时从巢内推出的经加工的物质,一般是灰褐色或棕色的疏松泥块。排泄物通常堆积在蚁巢的外围,但地下巢、砖柱巢常不明显。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 3em; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"> 3)通气孔:通气孔为主巢调节温度和巢内气体的孔口,直径约<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">1</span>㎜<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">,</span>上有小泥点封口,在主巢外表面呈不规则状的芝麻点排列。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 3em; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"> 白蚁主巢不一定具备所有<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">3</span>个外露特征,有的因环境和季节原因,只能找到<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">1</span>-<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;">2</span>个特征,而副巢则没有此特征。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 3em; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"></span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 3em; font-family: sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"> 3、危害特点:</span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 3em; font-family: sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"> (1)是我国破坏房屋建筑最凶的一种白蚁,也危害室外的林地、庭园、墓地等的木材;</span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 20px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; white-space: normal; font-family: sans-serif;"><br style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 3em; font-family: sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"> (2)是典型的土木两栖性白蚁,它既能栖居地下,又能生活在地上,也能在特定的环境中如树、船等处群居;</span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 20px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; white-space: normal; font-family: sans-serif;"><br style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 3em; font-family: sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"> (3)扩散和适应力很强。它原产在东亚,以后陆续传播到</span><a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E" target="_blank" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(18, 167, 237); text-decoration-line: underline; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">南非</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">、斯里兰卡、夏威夷及太平洋诸岛,现已成为世界性害虫;</span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 20px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; white-space: normal; font-family: sans-serif;"><br style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 3em; font-family: sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"> (4)巢群庞大,可包括的个体最多达千万头,并在主巢和许多副巢之分,巢体巨大,主巢直径可达1米以上;</span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 20px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; white-space: normal; font-family: sans-serif;"><br style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 3em; font-family: sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"> (5)其兵蚁最大的特点是额腺发达,头部前端有大形的囟,受掠扰时囟流出大量乳白色的酸性浆汁,能穿过石灰泥质,或用来抵御来犯之敌,故有乳白蚁之称;</span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 20px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; white-space: normal; font-family: sans-serif;"><br style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 3em; font-family: sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"> (6)它在生活中必须不断获得水分,所以它的蚁巢一般都在接近有水源的地方,在主巢的下方都有粗大的吸水线。</span></p><p><br/></p>
黑翅土白蚁
白蚁
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<p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-align: center;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-weight: 400; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">黑翅土白蚁</span></strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-weight: 400; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"/></span></strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;">黑翅土白蚁(odontotermes formosanus)是一种常见的土栖性白蚁,其有翅成蚁一般叫作繁殖蚁。繁殖蚁多在春天出现,翅狭长,棕褐色,前缘橘黄色,飞翔距离短,通常仅有数米,兵蚁头部暗深黄色,上颚镰刀形,触角念珠状,腹部淡黄色,工蚁头部乳白色,身体柔弱状。黑翅土白蚁每年3月开始出现在巢内,4~6月在靠近蚁巢地面出现羽化孔,羽化孔突圆锥状,数量很多。在闷热天气或雨前傍晚7时左右,土白蚁爬出羽化孔穴,群飞天空,停下后即脱翅求偶,成对钻入地下建筑新巢,成为新的蚁王、蚁后,繁殖后代。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;">黑翅土白蚁的危害主要以工蚁危害树皮及浅木质层,以及根部。造成被害树干外形成大块蚁路,长势衰退。当侵入木质部后,则树干枯萎;尤其对幼苗,极易造成死亡。采食危害时做泥被和泥线,严重时泥被环绕整个干体周围而形成泥套,其特征很明显。 主要危害樱花、梅花,亦可危害桂花、桃花、广玉兰、红叶李、月季、栀子花、海棠、</span><a title="蔷薇" href="http://www.baike.com/wiki/%E8%94%B7%E8%96%87" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(18, 167, 237); text-decoration-line: underline; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; font-size: 18px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">蔷薇</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;">、蜡梅、麻叶绣球等花木。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 20px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal;"><br style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 20px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;"> 1、形态特征</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;">兵蚁头部暗黄色,腹部淡黄至灰白色。头卵圆形,宽1.27-1.44 ㎜,左上颚内缘前方有一小齿。前胸背板前缘翘起,似马鞍形,比头部狭。有翅成虫头圆形,复眼和单眼椭圆形,头胸腹的背面黑褐色,腹面棕黄色,翅黑褐色。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-align: center;"><img width="315" height="351" title="1581498689387167.png" alt="image.png" src="https://www.gdkejian.com/Uploads/image/20200212/1581498689387167.png" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;"/></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 20px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal;"><br style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-align: center;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;">黑翅土白蚁兵蚁形态</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 20px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal;"><br style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-align: center;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px;">1.全身背面观;2. 头部和前胸背板侧面;3.上颚;4. 上唇;5. 前胸背板;6. 触角 </span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;"><br style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"/></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;">2、生物学</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;">土栖性,在地下筑大型巢,巢由许多菌圃组成。危害对象是堤坝、农林作物,偶尔也危害建筑木质结构。在南方,常在树干上修筑泥被,蛀食老死的树皮,尤其嗜食含糖分的植物根、茎,如甘蔗、木薯等。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;">黑翅土白蚁在1.0-3.0m深的土中筑巢,有时可以筑蚁路伸延到近地面的木家具、木门窗框,危害高度一般为1米以下。黒翅土白蚁白蚁主要分布在北纬35°以南的地区。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;">(1)婚飞</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;">在广东主要在3月下旬至6月中旬婚飞。黑翅土白蚁在婚飞前由工蚁在主巢的上方地面筑婚飞孔,婚飞孔有几个至一百多个不等,为不规则的土丘状。婚飞时间一般在晚上18﹕00-19﹕30。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;"> (2)巢群的生长发育</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;">婚飞后的有翅成虫,脱翅,雌雄配对,迂回爬行,在地面寻找适当的场所建立长约1㎝的小腔室,数天后深度可达10-15㎝。定居后6-8天开始产卵,第一批卵30-40粒,卵孵化期26-40天,兵蚁的出现往往晚于工蚁。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;">至今尚未在巢群内发现补充繁殖蚁。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;">黒翅土白蚁巢群的发展可分5个阶段:</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;">1)无菌圃期:蚁巢只有一个长1-2㎝,高1㎝的小土室,一般经历半年左右,有白蚁30-100头。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;">2)单菌圃期:蚁巢只有一个长15-20㎝,高2-3㎝的土室,内有一个菌圃。白蚁在土室内堆积食料(草根、树皮),数天后即出现一些颗粒状黑褐色的营养物质,这些营养物质进而组合成树枝状或网状结构,不久上面会长出一种白色真菌丝,称谓小白球菌,使这些营养物质成为疏松的、海绵状的菌圃。这个时期,白蚁需要1-2年的时间,巢中有白蚁300-500头。菌圃上生长的菌丝可作为白蚁营养的一部分。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;">3)多菌圃期:白蚁群体有数个菌圃室,互相分开,在最大的菌圃下中央有一个泥质的小王室,蚁数达5000-10万头,需时3-5年。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;">4)巢群成熟期:蚁群中开始出现有翅繁殖蚁的若虫,有王室的菌圃较大,成为主巢,巢中有分层的菌圃和泥骨架。主巢周围有许多卫星菌圃(副巢)。婚飞期,主巢附近的地面</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;">出现婚飞孔,这时巢群已历时8-10年,群体蚁数已达几十万头到一百多万头。菌圃是土栖培菌白蚁类共有的特征,菌圃在适合的土壤和气候条件下可长出鸡枞菌(也叫荔枝菌)。据观察,广州一般在5月下旬至8月上旬出现,这种鸡纵菌可作为土栖白蚁蚁巢的指示物。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;">5)巢群衰老期:此时菌圃减少,空土腔室增多,蚁后产卵量减少,群体数也逐渐减少。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;">6)白蚁死亡后,蚁巢的菌圃上方长出炭棒菌,可作为水利堤坝防治白蚁后的死巢指示物。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-align: center;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;"> </span><img title="1581498825128889.png" alt="image.png" src="https://www.gdkejian.com/Uploads/image/20200212/1581498825128889.png" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;"/><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;"> </span><img title="1581498840140966.png" alt="image.png" src="https://www.gdkejian.com/Uploads/image/20200212/1581498840140966.png" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;"/></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-align: center;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;"> </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;">图 鸡枞菌 图 炭棒菌</span></p><p><br/></p>
黄胸散白蚁
白蚁
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0.00
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<p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 2em; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; text-align: center; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">黄胸散白蚁</strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 2em; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"/></strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 3em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;"> 黄胸散白蚁Reticulitermes speratus (Rolbe)是属于</span><a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%BC%BB%E7%99%BD%E8%9A%81%E7%A7%91" target="_blank" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(18, 167, 237); text-decoration-line: underline; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; font-size: 18px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">鼻白蚁科</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;">散白蚁属的一种</span><a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%99%BD%E8%9A%81/139874" target="_blank" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(18, 167, 237); text-decoration-line: underline; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; font-size: 18px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">白蚁</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;">。黄胸散白蚁栖居分散,不筑大巢,防治比较困难。应以预防为主,辅以灭治,平时重视检查。待屋塌伤人,已为时过晚了。黄胸散白蚁容易从思区随木材、家具携带到非患区。这个属的白蚁适应性很强,北界北纬45°。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 3em; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 18px;"><br style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"/></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 3em; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">1</span>、形态特征</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 3em; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;">兵蚁头宽1.03-<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">1.07</span>㎜<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">,</span>头部近长方形,两侧平行,额部隆起明显,略高出头后部。前胸背板扁平比头部狭,多毛。有翅成虫的体、翅灰黑色,前胸背板黄褐色。<br style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"/></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 2em; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; text-align: center; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;"><img width="295" height="313" title="1581498385968653.png" alt="image.png" src="https://www.gdkejian.com/Uploads/image/20200212/1581498385968653.png" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;"/></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 3em; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><a style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(18, 167, 237); text-decoration-line: underline; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">2</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;">、生物学</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 3em; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;">散白蚁是鼻白蚁科中的一个大属,在我国分布广泛,南到西沙群岛,北到吉林,西到西藏都有分布。在长江流域分布最多,危害最严重。散白蚁是土木栖白蚁,不筑大型的巢,巢群小、多而分散,巢多数时候筑在近地表面的木中或土中。一个蚁巢中的白蚁数一般不超过<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">1</span>万头,所以称为散白蚁。蚁巢无主、副巢之分。原始蚁后虽然腹部较膨大,仍能自由爬行。巢群易产生补充繁殖蚁,曾在<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">1</span>米多长的木材中发现<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">120</span>多个短翅补充繁殖蚁。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 3em; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;">在广东,黄胸散白蚁的食性比较广泛,凡是含有纤维质都是蛀食的对象,如木材、棉麻制品,竹器、纸张等。在室内主要危害近地面的木材,如门框、地板、踢脚板、护墙板等,一般情况不上二楼为害。室外多取食生长衰弱的树木、枝干、烂树桩、烂竹头。每年在<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">2</span>-<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">4</span>月的<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">10</span>-<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">15</span>时婚飞,婚飞孔为小泥点状,或短条状。有翅繁殖蚁一般在建巢后的<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">8</span>-<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">10</span>年才出现。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 2em; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;"> </span></strong></span></p><p><br/></p>
铲头堆砂白蚁
白蚁
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<p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-align: center; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">铲头堆砂白蚁</strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 3em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;"><br style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"/></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 3em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;"> 铲头堆砂白蚁,Cryptotermes declivis (Tsai et Chen, 1963),是等翅目</span><a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%9C%A8%E7%99%BD%E8%9A%81%E7%A7%91" target="_blank" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: underline; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; text-indent: 28px; font-size: 18px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">木白蚁科</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;">堆砂白蚁属的一种</span><a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%99%BD%E8%9A%81/139874" target="_blank" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: underline; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; text-indent: 28px; font-size: 18px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">白蚁</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;">。头长至额顶0.97-1.13毫米,头宽1.22-1.40毫米。体长8.50-8.80毫米,有翅成虫分飞约在5-6月进行。铲头堆砂白蚁主要分布于</span><a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C/207811" target="_blank" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: underline; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; text-indent: 28px; font-size: 18px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">广东</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;">、广西、福建、海南等地。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 3em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;"><br style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"/></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 3em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;"> 1</span>、形态特征</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 3em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;"> 兵蚁头部近正方形,黑色,额部与上颚交角大于<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">90</span>°<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">,</span>似铲形。头宽<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">1.22</span>-<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">1.40</span>㎜,前胸扁平与头部等宽或宽于头部<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">(</span>见下图)。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 3em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-align: center; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;"><img title="1581498561508047.png" alt="image.png" src="https://www.gdkejian.com/Uploads/image/20200212/1581498561508047.png" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;"/></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 3em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;"> 2</span>、生物学<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;"></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 3em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;"> 铲头堆砂白蚁是木栖性,蛀蚀干木材,蛀蚀的通道即为蚁巢。粪粒干似小砂粒,跌落地面似砂堆。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 3em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;"> 主要危害硬质木材,如坚硬的家具、门窗、踢脚板。常危害硬阔叶树木的木材,如荔枝、龙眼、乌榄等。蚁巢和地面土壤不接触。它的群体数量不大,比较分散,巢居简单,蚁后、蚁王多栖居在蚁道较宽处。它们排泄的粪粒大部分堆积在蚁道中,一部分通过孔口排泄出外。它主要分布在北纬<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">25</span>°以南的地区,在广东的湛江、茂名等地危害房屋木结构及家具。在广东,铲头堆砂白蚁比截头堆砂白蚁更为常见。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 3em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;"> 铲头堆砂白蚁在广州每年<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">3</span>-<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">7</span>月婚飞,婚飞时间多在上午<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">10</span>时至下午2时。配对后一个月才开始产卵。第一批卵只有<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">3</span>-<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">5</span>粒,卵期1-<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">5</span>个月,一年以后群体数量只有<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">10</span>-<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">25</span>个。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 3em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;"> 铲头堆砂白蚁在室温<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">27</span>℃和湿度90%的条件下,可以由若蚁形成补充繁殖蚁。一个巢群可以形成多头补充繁殖蚁,后经打斗,只剩雌雄一对。此白蚁的群体中无工蚁品级,工蚁的工作由幼蚁和若蚁担任。兵蚁保卫蚁群的方式简单,即用坚硬厚实的方形头壳塞住蚁道,阻止天敌入侵巢内。</span></p><p><a href="https://www.gdkejian.com/index.php/photo/index/id/144.html#" class="bds_more" data-cmd="more" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(18, 167, 237); text-decoration-line: underline; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"></a><a href="https://www.gdkejian.com/index.php/photo/index/id/144.html#" class="bds_weixin" data-cmd="weixin" title="分享到微信" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(18, 167, 237); text-decoration-line: underline; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"></a><a href="https://www.gdkejian.com/index.php/photo/index/id/144.html#" class="bds_tsina" data-cmd="tsina" title="分享到新浪微博" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(18, 167, 237); text-decoration-line: underline; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"></a><a href="https://www.gdkejian.com/index.php/photo/index/id/144.html#" class="bds_qzone" data-cmd="qzone" title="分享到QQ空间" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(18, 167, 237); text-decoration-line: underline; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"></a><a href="https://www.gdkejian.com/index.php/photo/index/id/144.html#" class="bds_sqq" data-cmd="sqq" title="分享到QQ好友" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(18, 167, 237); text-decoration-line: underline; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"></a></p><ul class="pagerele list-paddingleft-2" style="padding: 10px 0px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; box-sizing: border-box; border-top: 1px solid rgb(226, 226, 226); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 12px; white-space: normal;"><li><p>上一个:<a href="https://www.gdkejian.com/index.php/photo/index/id/143.html" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(18, 167, 237); transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;">黄胸散白蚁</a></p></li><li><p>下一个:<a href="https://www.gdkejian.com/index.php/photo/index/id/145.html" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(18, 167, 237); transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;">黄翅大白蚁</a></p></li></ul><h3 style="padding-left: 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; background: rgb(226, 226, 226); height: 30px; line-height: 30px;">科研团队</h3><ul style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" class=" list-paddingleft-2"><li><p><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a href="https://www.gdkejian.com/index.php/photo/index/id/117.html" title="台湾乳白蚁" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><img src="https://www.gdkejian.com/Uploads/1617874021.124606ecc651e4534.12554937.jpg" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; border: 0px; width: 155.99px;"/></a></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 20px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"><a href="https://www.gdkejian.com/index.php/photo/index/id/117.html" title="台湾乳白蚁" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;">台湾乳白蚁</a></p></li><li><p><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a href="https://www.gdkejian.com/index.php/photo/index/id/143.html" title="黄胸散白蚁" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><img src="https://www.gdkejian.com/Uploads/1589704135.62245ec0f5c797f6c2.63780049.jpg" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; border: 0px; width: 155.99px;"/></a></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 20px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"><a href="https://www.gdkejian.com/index.php/photo/index/id/143.html" title="黄胸散白蚁" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;">黄胸散白蚁</a></p></li><li><p><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a href="https://www.gdkejian.com/index.php/photo/index/id/125.html" title="黑翅土白蚁" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><img src="https://www.gdkejian.com/Uploads/1580613542.01355e363fa6034b32.45633796.jpg" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; border: 0px; width: 155.99px;"/></a></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 20px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"><a href="https://www.gdkejian.com/index.php/photo/index/id/125.html" title="黑翅土白蚁" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;">黑翅土白蚁</a></p></li></ul><p><br/></p>
黄翅大白蚁
白蚁
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<p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 24px; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;">黄翅大白蚁(学名:Macrotermes barneyi)是白蚁科、大白蚁属的一种昆虫。 </span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 24px; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;"><br style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"/></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 3em; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">1</span>、形态特征</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 3em; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;">兵蚁和工蚁均为二型。大兵蚁头部深黄色,上颚黑色,腹部颜色较淡。头部宽<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">2.6</span>-<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">3.1</span>㎜,近长方形,上唇有三角形透明尖端。前胸背板前缘上翘呈马鞍状,略宽于头宽的一半。小兵蚁形态近似大兵蚁,但体形更小,体色也较淡,头宽<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">1.50</span>-<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">1.55</span>㎜。有翅成虫头和胸腹呈暗红棕色,翅黄色。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 12px; font-family: 微软雅黑; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;"><br style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"/></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 20px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 12px; font-family: 微软雅黑; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; white-space: normal; text-align: center;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 29px;"> </span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 20px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 12px; font-family: 微软雅黑; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; white-space: normal; text-align: center;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">1</span>、<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">2.</span> 大、小兵蚁头部和前胸背板背面观;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">3</span>、<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">4. </span>大、小兵蚁头部侧面观;5、<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">6.</span> 上唇;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">7</span>、<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">8.</span> 下唇;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">9</span>、<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">10.</span> 上颚;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">11</span>、<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">12.</span> 触角</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 12px; font-family: 微软雅黑; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;"> </span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 3em; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">2</span>、生物学</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 3em; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><a style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(18, 167, 237); text-decoration-line: underline; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; font-size: 18px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">黄翅大白蚁生物学和黒翅土白蚁近似。</span></a></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 3em; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;">黄翅大白蚁是土栖性白蚁,巢位较黒翅土白蚁更浅。广泛分布在我国南方地区。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 3em; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;">黄翅大白蚁分飞的时间因地区和气候条件不同而异。据观察,在江西、湖南分飞在5月中旬至6月中旬;广州地区3月初蚁巢内出现有翅繁殖蚁,分飞多在5月份。在一天中,江西多在23-2时;广州地区多在4-5时分飞。分飞前由工蚁在主巢附近的地面筑成分飞孔。分飞孔在地面较明显,呈肾形或圆形凹入地面,深1-4cm,长1-4cm。孔四周围撤布有许多泥粒。一巢白蚁有分飞孔几个到一百多个。分飞可分多次进行,一般5-10次。每年分飞翔飞出的有翅繁殖蚁数量随巢群的大小而异,兴旺发达的巢群可飞出2000-9000头成虫。黄翅大白蚁的分飞,一个巢群有时间隔1、2年才分飞一次,有时可连续数年,每年均分飞。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 3em; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); white-space: normal;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 19px;"> </span></strong></span></p><p><br/></p>
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