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红火蚁
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<p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">红火蚁隶属膜翅目蚁科切叶蚁亚科火蚁属,是源自南美的外来入侵物种。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">红火蚁攻击性很强,当受到干扰时,工蚁会用上颚咬住皮肤,以腹末的螯针连续蛰刺攻击对象并释放毒液。人被蜇伤后会有如火灼伤的疼痛感,随后出现水泡,水泡可能会化脓形成脓疱,若脓疱破掉则容易引起二次感染。过敏体质的人群因为对毒液中的毒蛋白过敏,可能会出头晕、发烧、呼吸困难等症状,严重时甚至休克和死亡。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 40px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px;">一、形态特征</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 37px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 19px; font-family: 宋体;">1</span></strong><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 19px;">、</span></strong><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 19px;">工蚁</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">工蚁体长</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">2.0-6.0mm</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">,</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">体型大小呈连续性多态型(见下图)。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 21px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-align: center; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;"> <img width="474" height="325" title="1582951855495870.jpg" alt="红火蚁图片1.jpg" src="https://www.gdkejian.com/Uploads/image/20200229/1582951855495870.jpg" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;"/></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">同一蚁巢内的个体颜色比较一致,但不同蚁巢的颜色变化有时会有差异,头部和胸部的颜色从桔红色至红褐色不等,柄后腹颜色为褐色至黑褐色。一般来说,同一蚁巢中的小型工蚁的颜色深于大型工蚁。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">头部略成方形,复眼黑色椭圆形。触角</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">10</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">节,柄节(第</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">1</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">节)长,鞭节末</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">2</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">节膨大,呈棒状。唇基内缘中央具</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">1</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">枚齿。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">腹柄结</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">2</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">节,后腹柄结略宽于前腹柄结。柄后腹分节,呈卵圆形,末端有螯刺。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">蚁科的分类一般以大型工蚁的形态特征为依据。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 37px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 19px; line-height: 28.5px;">2</span></strong><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 19px; line-height: 28.5px;">、雄蚁</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">体长约</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">7</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">—</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">8mm</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">,体黑色,头部细小,触角白色呈丝状,胸部发达,前胸背板显著隆起,翅</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">2</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">对,翅脉透明至浅褐色。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 21px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-align: center; text-indent: 37px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 19px; line-height: 28.5px;"> <img width="506" height="357" title="1582951959322691.jpg" alt="红火蚁 图片2.jpg" src="https://www.gdkejian.com/Uploads/image/20200229/1582951959322691.jpg" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;"/></span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 21px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 37px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 19px; line-height: 28.5px;"><br style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"/></span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 37px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 19px; line-height: 28.5px;">3</span></strong><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 19px; line-height: 28.5px;">、雌蚁</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">雌蚁颜色与工蚁相近,体长约</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">8</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">—</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">10mm</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">,头、胸棕褐色,柄后腹黑褐色。前胸背板显著隆起,翅</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">2</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">对,翅脉浅褐色。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 37px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 19px;">4</span></strong><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 19px;">、卵、幼虫和蛹</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">卵呈卵圆形,细小,乳白色。幼虫分</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">4</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">个龄期,乳白色,早龄幼虫体表光滑,</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">3-4</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">龄幼虫体披短毛。发育为工蚁的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">4</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">龄幼虫长</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">0.79-1.20mm</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">,发育为繁殖蚁的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">4</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">龄幼虫体长</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">4-5mm</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">。蛹呈乳白色,裸蛹,工蚁蛹体长约</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">2</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">-5</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">㎜</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px;">,</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">繁殖蚁</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">蛹</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">体长约</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">5-7</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">㎜</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px;">。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 30px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px;">二、蚁巢特征</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">红火蚁蚁巢属完全地栖型,由地上部分及地下部分构成,是红火蚁繁殖和活动的中心。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">成熟红火蚁巢地上部分也称为“蚁丘”,蚁丘的表面土壤颗粒细碎且均匀,除了婚飞时间外,没有进出蚁巢的孔道。蚁丘高约</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">10</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">—</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">30cm</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">,直径</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">30</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">—</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">50cm</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">。新形成的蚁巢在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">4-9</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">个月后出现蚁丘。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">蚁巢内部结构呈蜂窝状,蚁巢底部有数条向下的取水道。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">根据蚁巢中蚁后数量可分为“单蚁后型”和“多蚁后型”两种社会型。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 29px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 19px; line-height: 28.5px;">1</span></strong><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 19px; line-height: 28.5px;">、单蚁后型</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">蚁巢中仅有一头具有生殖能力的蚁后,其腹部较多蚁后型的大。成熟的蚁巢(蚁丘)大小相近,工蚁领地意识强。蚁巢间距较大,一般为五六米至十几米。蚁丘密度</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">20</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">—</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">100</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">个</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">/</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">公顷,多者达</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">200</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">个。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 29px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 19px; line-height: 28.5px;">2</span></strong><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 19px; line-height: 28.5px;">、多蚁后型</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">蚁巢中有多头蚁后,通常有</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">1</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">头拥有超过半数工蚁和丰富资源的超级蚁后。每个蚁群可形成一至几个蚁巢和蚁丘,分为主巢和副巢。蚁丘大小不等,蚁丘间距在几十厘米至几米之间。蚁丘密度为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">400</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">—</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">600</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">个</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">/</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">公顷,多者甚至在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">1000</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">个以上。据报道广东吴川、广州、深圳的红火蚁属多蚁后型。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 29px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 20px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-align: center;"><img title="1582951996689766.jpg" alt="红火蚁 图片3.jpg" src="https://www.gdkejian.com/Uploads/image/20200229/1582951996689766.jpg" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;"/></p><p style="margin-left: 29px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 20px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-align: center;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px;">多蚁后型蚁巢</span></strong></p><p style="margin-left: 29px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px;">三、生物学习性</span></strong></p><p style="margin-left: 29px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 19px; line-height: 28.5px;">1</span></strong><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 19px; line-height: 28.5px;">、发育历期和寿命</span></strong></p><p style="margin-left: 29px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">红火蚁生活史分为卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫四个阶段。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 28px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">各虫态发育历期:卵</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">7</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">—</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">10</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">天,幼虫</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">4</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">个龄期</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">6-60</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">天,蛹</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">9-16</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">天。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 28px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">卵至成虫历期:小型工蚁</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">20</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">—</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">60</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">天,大型工蚁和繁殖蚁</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">6-90</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">天。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">寿命:蚁后</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">6</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">—</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">7</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">年,小型工蚁</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">1-3</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">个月,大型工蚁</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">3-6</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">个月。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 29px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 19px; line-height: 28.5px;">2</span></strong><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 19px; line-height: 28.5px;">、蚁群结构</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 28px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">一个成熟红火蚁种群中,个体数量可多达几万到几十万头,其中多形态工蚁占了绝大多数,此外还有几百头有翅繁殖蚁,一头或多头蚁后,以及处于生长发育阶段的卵、幼蚁和蚁蛹。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 28px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">卵可分为营养卵、未受精卵和受精卵,它们粘在一起形成一些小团,由工蚁负责照看。幼虫中,少数为生殖蚁幼虫,绝大部分为工蚁幼虫,它们集中在一些蚁室,由工蚁照看和喂饲。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 28px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">工蚁是不具生殖能力的雌蚁,其卵巢退化。工蚁负责照料幼蚁、生殖蚁和蚁后,修建蚁巢,觅食和防卫等工作。按其工作性质大致可分为育幼蚁、居留蚁和觅食蚁。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 28px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">雄性生殖蚁不参加劳动,成熟后等待时机进行婚飞,婚飞交配结束后随即死亡。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 28px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">雌性生殖蚁不参加劳动,婚飞或分巢后,建巢成为蚁后。一头蚁后一天可产卵</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">800</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">—</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">1500</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">粒。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 29px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 19px; line-height: 28.5px;">3</span></strong><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 19px; line-height: 28.5px;">、婚飞和营巢</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">婚飞:</span></strong><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">新建蚁巢经过</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">4</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">—</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">5</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">个月成熟后产生有翅生殖蚁,</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">成熟蚁巢一年可产有翅生殖蚁</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">4000</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">—</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">6000</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">头。红火蚁的成熟蚁巢,只要条件适宜,任何时间都可以发生婚飞。尽管如此,婚飞还是以春暖季节居多,尤其</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">3</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">—</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">5</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">月,秋季次之。有翅生殖蚁的婚飞常发生在降雨后</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">1</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">—</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">2</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">天,土壤湿度不小于</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">80%</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">,气温</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">24-32<sup style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">o</sup>C</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">的晴朗、风力不大的天气,上午</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">10</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">时前后开始婚飞。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 29px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">营巢:</span></strong><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">有翅生殖蚁婚飞结束落地后,脱去翅,迅速寻找适宜筑巢的地点,如枯枝、烂叶、石块下或地面缝隙内,挖掘垂直的深约</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">7</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">—</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">20cm</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">的隧道,并用土封盖。隧道内底部条件适宜者则生存下来,发展蚁群并形成蚁巢,但成功者仅约</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">1%</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">婚飞后,不同社会型的繁殖蚁所采取的生存策略有所不同。多蚁后型雌性繁殖蚁在婚飞落地后,常集结成群,共同建立新蚁巢,或者进入原有的蚁巢与原有蚁后一起生活。单蚁后型雌性繁殖蚁则是独立建巢,如果不幸落入其他蚁群的领地,则生存下来的机会不大。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 19px; line-height: 28.5px;">4</span></strong><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 19px; line-height: 28.5px;">、活动和觅食</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">气温高于</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">10<sup style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">o</sup>C</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">时工蚁开始外出觅食,</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">19<sup style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">o</sup>C</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">以上则进入持续觅食阶段,气温</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">20-35<sup style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">o</sup>C</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">(地表温度</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">21~38<sup style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> o</sup>C</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">)且地面干燥时红火蚁觅食活动频繁。凉爽季节的白天,蚁群常聚集于蚁丘向阳面获取能量,而在炎热或寒冷的日子,蚁群会聚集在蚁巢的中下部避暑或保暖。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">在蚁巢周围土壤接近地表的位置,有多条以蚁巢为中心,半径从几米至十几米的觅食道,觅食道每隔一定距离有</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">1</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">个小孔通向地面,工蚁主要是通过觅食道外出活动和觅食,这个活动和觅食所覆盖的范围被称为该群体的领域。单蚁后型红火蚁群体的领域意识较强,会驱赶入侵该领域的其他群体的红火蚁。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">红火蚁觅食能力强,食性杂,嗜好油香荤腥食品。红火蚁除了取食节肢动物、无脊椎动物和小型脊椎动物外,还取食多种植物种子和农作物。工蚁搬运的固体颗粒直径一般为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">0.8~2.3mm</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">,厚度为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">0.3~0.6mm</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">。工蚁还经常取食植物汁液和花蜜。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"> </span></p><p style="margin-left: 29px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 19px; line-height: 28.5px;">5</span></strong><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 19px; line-height: 28.5px;">、扩散</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">红火蚁的扩散途径包括人为传播扩散和自然扩散,前者的传播速度往往更快。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 29px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">(</span></strong><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">1</span></strong><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">)人为传播扩散</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">红火蚁往往因园艺植物、草皮、堆肥、土壤、废泥、包装物、货柜的迁移,或被园艺机械和其它交通工具携带而造成远距离扩散。在美国,这种扩散速度为每年</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">198</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">公里,我国大陆为每年</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">48-80</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">公里。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 29px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">(</span></strong><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">2</span></strong><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">)自然扩散</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">婚飞:</span></strong><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">生殖蚁的交配行为发生在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">90</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">—</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">300m</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">的高空,交尾后,大部分雌蚁飞行数百米,少数可降落到距离蚁巢</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">3-5</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">千米的地方,在借助风力的情况下,最远甚至可达</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">16</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">公里。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">蚁巢迁移:</span></strong><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">红火蚁蚁巢建立后,一般</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">1-2</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">个月会迁移</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">1</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">次,迁移距离为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">1-10</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">米,大多为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">3-5</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">米。迁移方向随机。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">分巢:</span></strong><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">多蚁后型红火蚁除了婚飞外,常采用分巢方式建立新群体。一部分繁殖蚁和部分工蚁搬离原来的蚁巢,在附近建立新巢。分巢扩散的速度较慢,每年约</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">18-35</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">米。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">随水流扩散:</span></strong><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">红火蚁蚁巢若因暴雨被淹没,蚁群会聚集成“蚁筏”随水流漂到远处,直到遇到合适的建巢地点才重新安家落户。这种方式的扩散距离从数百米至十多公里不等。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 30px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px;">四、防制</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">防制红火蚁,应该结合当地的地理环境,先对红火蚁发生情况进行监测,后根据发生程度确定防控的重点区域和具体方法。我国目前主要采用点面结合、诱杀为主的化学防制方法,并结合对红火蚁发生区内高风险调出物品进行检疫处理。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">大面积的红火蚁防控一般每年进行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">2</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">次,首次防制应在春季红火蚁婚飞前或婚飞高峰期进行,第二次防制时间相对宽松,可以选择在夏、秋季节气候条件适宜的时机进行。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 32px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 19px; line-height: 28.5px;">1</span></strong><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 19px; line-height: 28.5px;">、毒饵诱杀法</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">(</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">1</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">)点施法</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">红火蚁发生程度在二级及以下的区域,可采用点施法防制单个蚁巢。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">防制前,先标记所有可见的活蚁巢,然后将饵剂环状或点状投放于蚁丘外缘外侧</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">50-100cm</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">处,任由工蚁搬运回巢。直径为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">20-50cm</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">的蚁巢使用农药标签推荐用量的中间值,当蚁巢直径明显大于</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">50cm</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">或小于</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">20cm</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">是,应增加或减少</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">1/2</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">饵剂的用量。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">(</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">2</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">)撒施法</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">在红火蚁发生程度为三级或以上级别的发生区,可在发生区均匀撒施饵剂进行防制。饵剂的使用量视活蚁巢密度、工蚁密度及具体的饵剂种类而定。一般每公顷最低用量为防制单个蚁巢推荐用量中间值的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">100</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">倍。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">(</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">3</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">)综合施用法</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">在红火蚁活蚁巢密度很大、分布普遍的严重发生区域,可采用点施和撒施相结合的方法,并适当加大毒饵的用量。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"> </span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 19px; line-height: 28.5px;">2</span></strong><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 19px;">、药液灌巢法</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">使用触杀性药剂处理单个红火蚁的蚁巢。首先将药剂按照农药标签的要求配制成规定浓度的药液;施药时,先在蚁丘外围浇淋一圈药液,防止红火蚁逃窜;然后挖开蚁丘顶部并迅速将药液灌入蚁巢,使药液完全浸湿蚁巢并渗透至蚁巢底部。药液量根据蚁巢大小而定,一般为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">10</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">升</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">/</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">巢以上,大蚁巢则需要</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">20</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">升甚至更多药液。灌巢法见效快,但缺点也很明显,例如用水量大,劳动效率低,如果浇灌的药液量不足,可能达不到彻底杀灭的效果。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 19px; line-height: 28.5px;">3</span></strong><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 19px;">、颗粒剂和粉剂灭巢法</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">将颗粒剂均匀撒施于蚁丘的表面,迅速洒水将其冲入蚁巢内部。每</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">2</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">天洒水一次,至少洒水三次以上。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">粉剂灭巢法是中国特有的红火蚁防制方法。先彻底破坏蚁巢,待工蚁大量涌出后,迅速将药粉均匀撒施于工蚁身上,通过带药工蚁和其他个体之间的接触,使得药物在群体之间传递,进而毒杀整个红火蚁群体。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">使用粉剂应在无风至微风天气、地面干燥时进行。微风天气不会导致粉剂飘散,而蚁巢越干燥,粉剂在红火蚁个体间的传递效果就越好。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 19px; line-height: 28.5px;">4</span></strong><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 19px;">、红火蚁发生区调出物品的检疫</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">来自红火蚁发生区的种苗、花卉、草皮等物品,在调出前应经过触杀性药剂浸渍或灌注处理至完全湿润。应保证触杀性药物浓度和剂量的有效性。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">红火蚁发生区的垃圾、肥料、栽培介质、土壤等物品在调出时,应拌入足量、有效的颗粒剂杀虫剂,并洒水使之湿润。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 19px; line-height: 28.5px;">5</span></strong><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 19px;">、防控效果评定</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">防制红火蚁措施实施后</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">2-6</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">周内,应在防制区域开展密度监测,评定防制效果。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"> </span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 30px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px;">六、安全防护和环境保护</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">避免在红火蚁发生区停留太久和坐卧,更不要触碰和踩踏红火蚁蚁丘、蚁道和外出觅食的工蚁。防制人员应穿长袖工作服和高筒水鞋,戴橡胶手套,水鞋和手套上沿可以涂抹一圈凡士林。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">如被红火蚁叮咬,可用肥皂和清水清洗并冰敷患处,也可以使用含类固醇的抗过敏外敷药膏;如出现大面积红斑、皮疹,可在医生指导下口服抗组胺类药物来缓解症状。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">敏感体质者被红火蚁叮蛰后可能产生严重过敏,例如脸部燥红肿胀、全身瘙痒、头晕、发热、心跳加快、呼吸困难等,此时应立即就医并告知病因。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 32px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">在施药区应有明显的警示牌,避免造成人、畜中毒。在水源保护区、水产养殖区、养蜂区、养蚕区开展红火蚁防制时,应注意药剂种类的选择,避免对有益生物的杀伤和污染环境。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 20px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px;"><br style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal;"/></p><p><br/></p>
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