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<p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 20px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px;"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">蚊虫的种类很多,全世界己知蚊虫有</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">3500</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">多种,在我国有</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">3</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">6</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">0</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">多种。其中在我国常见蚊种有按蚊属的中华按蚊、嗜人按蚊、微小按</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">蚊;</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">库蚊属的致倦库蚊、淡色库蚊、三带喙库蚊;伊蚊属的白纹伊蚊、埃及伊蚊。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-align: center;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 19px;"> </span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 19px;">一、蚊虫危害</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-align: center;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;"> </span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">蚊虫的危害不仅吸血干扰人们的生活和工作,更重要的是传播疾病,危害人类的健康和生命安全。目前已知蚊虫可传播</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">10</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">多种疾病,其中在我国传播的疾病主要有登革热、疟疾、乙型脑炎和淋巴丝虫病</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">4</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">种。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">(一)登革热和登革出血热</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">登革热、登革出血热和基孔肯雅热的媒介是白纹伊蚊和埃及伊蚊。</span>2014<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年曾在广东省发生登革热大流行,目前对该病尚无特效治疗药物和有效的免疫预防,所以控制伊蚊是预防该病的重要措施。</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">(二)疟疾</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">疟疾的媒介是中华按蚊、嗜人按蚊、微小按蚊和大劣按蚊。疟疾的病原体是疟原虫,有四种,分别所致的疟疾病有间日疟、三日疟、恶性疟和卵形疟,全球每年约有</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">3</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">亿至</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">5</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">亿人感染,死亡人数超过</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">100</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">万。目前,我国的疟疾主要分布在海南岛、西南地区的农村或山区。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">(三)乙型脑炎</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">乙型脑炎的主要媒介是三带喙库蚊。乙型脑炎的病原体是乙型脑炎病毒,广泛流行于亚洲的大部分地区及我国。该病是一种自然疫原地疾病,通常带有区域性流行。华南地区流行高峰多在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">6<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">—</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">7</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">月,且多呈散发性。</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">(四)</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">淋巴丝虫病</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">淋巴丝虫病的主要媒介是致倦库蚊和淡色库蚊。在我国传播的有班氏丝虫病、淋巴丝虫病,主要流行区域有</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">16</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">个省市。经过数十年的防治,至</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">1994</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">年我国己基本消灭了丝虫病。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 19px;">二、蚊虫的生态习性</span></strong><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 19px;"> </span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">(一)生活史</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">蚊虫生活史分为卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">4</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">个阶段(期)</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">,</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">属全变态昆</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">虫。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-size: 15px;"> </span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 20px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-align: center;"><img width="539" height="269" title="1582771349881826.png" alt="image.png" src="https://www.gdkejian.com/Uploads/image/20200227/1582771349881826.png" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;"/></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-size: 15px;"></span><br style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-align: center; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">图</span>1 <span style="box-sizing: border-box;">蚊的生活史</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="margin-top: 15.2px; margin-left: 180px; box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; z-index: 1; width: 204px; height: 34px;"><img width="204" height="34" src="https://www.gdkejian.com/WebUser/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;"/></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">1</span></strong><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">、卵</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">成蚊产卵于水中,卵细小,肉眼可见,初产卵呈乳白色,其后逐渐变成黑色,不同属的蚊卵形态各异。每个雌性库蚊产卵集合成卵块(筏),浮在水面。伊蚊产卵则分散沉在水底,或粘附在容器内壁或水生植物的根茎上,按蚊卵具浮囊分散浮在水面</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-align: center; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-size: 15px;"> <img width="486" height="339" title="1582771440576323.png" alt="image.png" src="https://www.gdkejian.com/Uploads/image/20200227/1582771440576323.png" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;"/></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-size: 15px;"> </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-size: 15px;"> </span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-align: center; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-size: 15px;"> </span>图2 蚊卵</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px;"><span style="margin-left: 144px; box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; z-index: 1; width: 276px; height: 52px;"><img width="276" height="52" src="https://www.gdkejian.com/WebUser/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;"/></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;"> </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">卵发育为幼虫,称为孵育期,</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">在适宜温度条件下卵孵育期约</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">2<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">-</span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">3</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">天。库蚊和按蚊的卵发育成熟后在水中即时孵化。但部分伊蚊的卵在条件不适宜时</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">(</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">如干旱、低温等</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">)</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">可进入滞育状态,暂时不孵化,待</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">1</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">月或数月后条件适宜时孵化。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; z-index: 1; width: 168px; height: 84px;"><img width="168" height="84" src="https://www.gdkejian.com/WebUser/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;"/></span><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">2</span></strong><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">、幼虫</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">成熟卵孵出幼虫,初孵幼虫体小,乳白色,不易为内眼发现。成熟幼虫长约</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">10mm</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">,淡褐色,体分头胸腹</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">3</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">部分,胸部较头腹部宽。库蚊和伊蚊幼虫腹后部有呼吸管,前者细长,后者粗短,在水中静止时身体与水面成角,头向下,倒挂。而按蚊在水中静止时身体与水面平行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">(</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">见图</span>3</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">)</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">。依此,可作鉴别蚊种的依据。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-align: center; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;"> <img width="505" height="200" title="1582771511552089.png" alt="image.png" src="https://www.gdkejian.com/Uploads/image/20200227/1582771511552089.png" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;"/></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;"> </span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 20px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-align: center; text-indent: 44px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">图</span>3 <span style="box-sizing: border-box;">三属蚊幼虫在水中静止时的状态</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="margin-top: 15.2px; margin-left: 72px; box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; z-index: 1; width: 384px; height: 52px;"><img width="384" height="52" src="https://www.gdkejian.com/WebUser/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;"/></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;"> </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;"> </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;"> </span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">蚊幼虫在水中摄食微生物和有机物质,在水中经</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">4</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">次蜕皮才能发育成熟,每蜕皮</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">1</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">次为一个龄期,第</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">4</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">龄期的幼虫为成熟幼虫。幼虫的蜕皮过程受蚊体的激素调节,尤其是保幼激素和蜕皮激素。前者主要调节生长发育,后者促进蜕皮过程。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">蚊幼虫的生长发育的速度受多种因素的影响,如气温、食物、土壤、植被等。温度是关键因素之一,温度过高或太低都能使蚊幼虫发育速度减缓,甚至死亡。蚊幼虫生长发育最适宜温度为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">2</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">0<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">—</span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">3</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">0<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">℃。在</span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">3</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">0<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">℃条件下幼虫发育期约需</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">5</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">—</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">7</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">天</span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">3</span></strong><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">、蛹</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">成熟幼虫蜕皮变为蛹,称为蛹化。蛹的头、胸部互相融合,发达,两侧各有呼吸管一对,虫体呈逗号状</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">(</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">图</span>4</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">)<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">蛹期在水中运动活跃,不摄食,主要完成成虫器官的发育,生长发育的速度受温度的影响,在适宜温度条件下约需</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">2<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">-</span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">3</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">天。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-align: center;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;"><img width="392" height="239" title="1582771595897210.png" alt="image.png" src="https://www.gdkejian.com/Uploads/image/20200227/1582771595897210.png" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;"/></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-align: center;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-size: 15px;"> </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">图</span>4 <span style="box-sizing: border-box;">蚊蛹</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="margin-left: 156px; box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; z-index: 1; width: 228px; height: 52px;"><img width="228" height="52" src="https://www.gdkejian.com/WebUser/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;"/></span><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;"> </span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">4</span></strong><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">、成蚊</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">蛹蜕皮后羽化为成蚊,体形较小,长约</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">1.</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">6<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">—</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">12.6</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">㎜,</span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">体色有灰黑色,棕褐色或黑色。善于飞行,飞离孳生地</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">1<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">-</span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">2</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">天后交配吸血。通常从卵孵出幼虫变为成虫约需</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">2</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">周。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">(二)生活习性</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">1<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">、幼虫孳生习性</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成蚊产卵于水中,因此,水是蚊幼虫及蛹的生长发育的场所。根据各种蚊虫产卵时选择不同类型水体的特点,一般可分为污水型、容器型、稻田型</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">田塘型</span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">)<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">、缓流型、丛林积水型等水体。</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">(1)</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">污水型:含有较丰富有机物质的积水,如污水池(塘、坑)、污水沟,地面洼地,下水道、沙井和房前屋后长期停放聚集有机物的盆罐积水等。主要孳生致倦库蚊和淡色库蚊。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">(2)<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">容器型:,水质较清的小型容器积水,如广泛分布在室内外的陶瓷、塑料、金属、玻璃、轮胎、树洞、竹筒、石穴、贮水缸等,是人为或自然形成的小型积水。主要孳生白纹伊蚊和埃及伊蚊。</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">(3) <span style="box-sizing: border-box;">稻田型</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma;">(</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">田塘型</span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">)<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">:</span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">水质较清的大面积静止性的水体,如稻田、菜田畦沟,池塘、沼泽、水库等。主要孳生中华按蚊、嗜人按蚊和三带喙库蚊。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">(4)</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;">缓流型:南方山区的溪流中的缓流区、河床、泉眼、梯田等水质清凉水体。主要孳生微小按蚊。</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">(5)</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;"> </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">丛林积水型:山区丛林中荫蔽的小型天然积水,如山涧河床、石穴、泉潭、林边小洼地等。主要孳生大劣按蚊。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">从蚊虫孳生地类型和孳生蚊种表明,一个地区的积水类型决定了该地区主要蚊种。广东地区城镇的积水大多数属污水型和容器型,所以,城镇内常见蚊种是致倦库蚊和白纹伊蚊。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">2</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">、成蚊习性</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">(1)</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">吸血</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">雄蚊吸食植物液汁,不吸食血液。雌蚊卵巢必须吸食血液才能发育,繁殖产卵。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">雌蚊吸食人和各种动物的血液,不同蚊种对不同宿主血液有一定的选择性,如致倦库蚊、白纹伊蚊喜吸人的血液。中华按蚊、三带喙库蚊则喜吸猪、牛等动物血液,兼吸人血。蚊虫的吸血是可以改变的,如致倦库蚊,在血源不足或缺乏的情况下,也可以吸其他动物的血液。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">蚊虫吸血具有明显的节律</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">(</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">称吸血周期</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">)</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">,吸饱血液后可一直到卵巢发育成熟,期间约</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">2<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">-</span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">3</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">天不吸血,到产卵后才再次吸血。但少数白纹伊蚊的吸血节律不十分严格,吸饱血液后在卵巢发育期间仍需再次吸血,甚至多次吸血。由于活动习性的差异,中华按蚊、致倦库蚊、三带喙库蚊在晚上吸血,多在日落后</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">30</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">分钟开始活动。白纹伊蚊则在白天吸血,尤其在早上</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">10</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">时前和下午</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">4</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">时之后。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">(2)</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">栖息</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">吸血后的雌蚊选择阴暗、潮湿和少受干扰的场所静息,完成胃血消化和卵巢发育,不同蚊种要求不同的环境场所。根据环境条件的特点和成蚊习性可分为家栖型、半家栖型和野栖型三种。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">家栖型蚊种有致倦库蚊、淡色库蚊、埃及伊蚊、嗜人按蚊、微小按蚊等,雌蚊吸血后栖息在人、畜房舍的墙脚、墙角、门后、帐内帐后,家具的后面、底下,天花板,楼梯底下,深色悬挂物等处,尤其喜于栖息在卧室、杂物间、卫生间等处,直至胃血消化和卵巢发育成熟才飞离房舍寻找产卵场所。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">半家栖型蚊种有中华按蚊、三带喙库蚊,雌蚊吸血后暂时栖息在人、畜房舍内,胃血未完全消化或卵巢未发育成熟就飞离人、畜房舍,在野外的草丛、石隙、洞穴等黑暗场所栖息,继续完成卵巢发育。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">野栖型蚊种有大劣按蚊,雌蚊常从室外飞入人、畜房舍内吸血,吸血后作短暂停留即飞离房舍。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">白纹伊蚊的栖息习性有两种不同的说法,一种是野外孳生的白纹伊蚊多在野外吸血,且栖息在孳生地近傍的容器内壁、容器间隙、树洞、竹筒、石缝等处。另一种是室内孳生的白纹伊蚊栖息在室内容器内壁、容器间隙、房舍角落、墙脚、墙角等处。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">了解成蚊的栖息习性对于化学防制具有十分重要的意义,可根据成蚊不同的栖息场所采用不同的施药方法。如在室内滞留喷洒,对家栖蚊种效果好,对半家栖型蚊种有一定效果,对野栖型蚊种则效果不佳。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">(3)</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">活动</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">蚊虫的活动主要目的是为了寻食、找配偶和产卵场所。致倦库蚊、中华按蚊等的吸血、活动高峰时间在日落后半小时的黄昏和夜间。白纹伊蚊在白天吸血和活动。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">蚊虫善飞,飞行能力因蚊种不同而有差异,通常可飞行数百米至</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">1</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">公里,甚至更远。但蚊虫的活动范围取决于食源和产卵场所的远近,而且飞行路线迂回曲折。因此,其实际飞行距离(即孳生场所与目的地的距离)大约为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">5</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">0<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">-</span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">150m</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">,这一距离称为扩散范围或有效飞行距离。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">了解成蚊的飞行距离,对预防和控制蚊媒病具有重要意义,在疫区发生时,可根据成蚊飞行距离实施防制范围,如登革热病例发生时,以病例发生点为中心,以半经</span>100m<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为重点控制区,以半经</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma;">300m</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">第二控制区。</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">(4)</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">季节消长</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">蚊虫数量的变化受气温、雨量、湿度、食物、阳光及植被等生态环境的影响。尤其是气温、雨量和孳生习性影响最大。由于我国地域辽阔,南北气候差异较大,各地蚊虫消长也不相同,在适宜季节和生态环境里蚊虫的种群数量增加,相反则减少,甚至消失。如广东地区年平均气温较高,全年都有蚊虫活动。每年</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">4<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">—</span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">6<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">月和秋季,通常雨量充足,积水增多,气温适宜,是致倦库蚊密度的高峰时期。盛夏的</span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">7<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">—</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">8</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">月,</span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">雨量集中,气温过高,大量孳生地受到破坏,此时蚊虫密度会有较大下降。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 38px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;"> </span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 19px;">三、常见蚊虫形态特征及生活习性</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 58px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;"> </span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 38px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">(一)致倦库蚊</span> </span></strong><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">(</span><em style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus</span></em><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">)</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">致倦库蚊分布于全世界的热带和亚热带地区,在我国分布于北纬</span>33<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">度以南的广大地区,是我国班氏丝虫病的主要媒介之一。</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">致倦库蚊是广东城乡最常见的蚊种,它与淡色库蚊的形态十分相似,后者分布在我国北方。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">致倦库蚊体型中等,淡褐色,喙无界限清楚的白环,翅无斑,足无白环,腹节背面各节基部有一半月型向后延伸的淡白色横带</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;"> </span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">幼虫孳生于有机物较丰富水中,如地面洼地、污水池(塘)、污水沟、下水道、沙井、废旧化粪池、长期存放的盆罐等污水环境中。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="margin-top: 54px; margin-left: 151px; box-sizing: border-box; width: 312px; height: 253px; text-align: center; position: absolute; z-index: 1;"><br style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"/></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成蚊夜间活动,喜吸人血,并栖息于人、畜房舍等。是家栖蚊种。种群密度高峰期在每年</span>4-</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">6</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">月和</span>9-11<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">月。</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-align: center; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;"> <img width="522" height="357" title="1582771670807507.png" alt="image.png" src="https://www.gdkejian.com/Uploads/image/20200227/1582771670807507.png" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;"/></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;"> </span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;"> </span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">(二)白纹伊蚊</span></strong><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">(</span><em style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Aedes albopictus</span></em><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">)</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">白纹伊蚊俗称花斑蚊,广泛分布在我国各地。体型较小,黑色,翅无斑,体表多处有白点,后足跗节基部有白环,未节全白,胸背部正中有一银白色纵纹</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 38px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">幼虫孳生于水质较清的各种人工或天然的小型容器积水中,如陶瓷、塑料、玻璃、金属,竹木制品、轮胎等容器,以及树洞、竹筒、石穴等。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 20px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px;"><br style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"/><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;"> 成蚊白天活动,尤其在上午</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">10</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">时前和下午</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">4</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">时后,吸血凶猛,嗜吸人血。栖息在孳生地容器内壁或容器间隙或附近的竹</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">树</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma;">)</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">林、草丛、石隙等黑暗少受干扰的僻静处,种群密度的高峰期在每年</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma;">5-</span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">10</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">月。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-align: center; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;"><img width="558" height="308" title="1582772655654446.png" alt="image.png" src="https://www.gdkejian.com/Uploads/image/20200227/1582772655654446.png" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;"/></span><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;"><br style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"/></span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;"><br style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"/></span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">(三)中华按蚊</span></strong><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 微软雅黑;">(</span></span><em style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Anopheles sinensis</span></em><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 微软雅黑;">)</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">中华按蚊广泛分布在广东省的平原和山区水稻种区的乡村。该蚊种孳生地分布广泛,数量大,是广东常见蚊种。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">成蚊体型中等,灰黑色,触须具四个白环,顶端</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">2</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">个宽另</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">2</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">个窄,翅前缘脉有</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">2</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">个白斑,尖端白斑大。腹侧膜上有</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">T</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">型暗斑。后足</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px;">1</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">—</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">4</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">跗节具窄端白环。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">幼虫孳生在稻田、湖泊、池塘、沼泽、灌溉沟等大面积水质较清的静水中,尤其阳光</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">充足水温较高的场所,属稻田型蚊种,成蚊夜间活动,吸食家畜血,尤其牛血为主,亦吸</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">吮人血。吸血后雌蚊暂时栖息在人房畜舍内,通常认为属半家栖型蚊种,但有资料表明不</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">同地区该蚊的栖息习性有差异。种群数量的高峰期与水稻种植密切相关,广东省的高峰季节发</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">生在每年的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">5</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">月和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px;">10</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">月。</span><br style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px;"><br style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 20px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-align: center;"><img width="555" height="424" title="1582771749458006.png" alt="image.png" src="https://www.gdkejian.com/Uploads/image/20200227/1582771749458006.png" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;"/></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px;"><span style="margin-top: 40px; box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; z-index: 1; width: 168px; height: 41px;"><img width="168" height="41" src="https://www.gdkejian.com/WebUser/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif" style="padding: 0px; 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