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7
澳洲大蠊
蟑螂
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<p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">澳洲大蠊主要分布在热带、亚热带地区。在我国分布于福建、广东、广西、海南、四川等</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">省;</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在广东省城镇各种蟑螂中,澳洲大镰占</span>10.80<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">%(杜效峰)。栖息活动场所与美洲大蠊相近,主要栖居在宾馆、饭店、旅馆、招待所、医院、食品仓库、粮油食品店、市场、家庭等处。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">1</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">形态特性</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 成</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">虫</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">体长</span>2<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">2</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">-</span>35 <span style="box-sizing: border-box;">㎜,</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">红</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">褐色,</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">前胸背板中部有黑褐色蝶斑,蝶斑边缘黄色,界线清淅,后缘无</span>“<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">小尾</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">”,前缘也无</span>“T” <span style="box-sizing: border-box;">型黄色条纹。翅发达,伸近腹端</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;">前翅前缘基部有黄色条纹。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 卵</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">鞘:</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">长</span>1<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">0</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">-</span>1<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">1</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">㎜,</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">宽</span>5<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">㎜,略弯,含卵数</span>2<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">2</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">-</span>24 <span style="box-sizing: border-box;">粒</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">2</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生活习性</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 澳洲大蠊较美洲大蠊更需要温暖的环</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">境,</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">分布限于热带亚热带地区。栖息活动场所与美洲大蠊相近,喜食植物性食物,如淀粉类食物、各种水果和蔬</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">菜等</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 成虫羽化后</span>5<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">-</span>10<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">天交配,交配后</span>5<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">-</span>20<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">天产出卵</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">鞘,</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">卵鞘常粘附在栖息、活动场所附近的隐蔽处,雌虫一生平均产卵鞘</span>2<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">0</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">-</span>30<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">个,卵期平均</span>40<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">天。若虫蜕皮</span>9<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">-</span>12<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">次,若虫期</span>180<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">-</span>360<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">天,成虫寿命</span>120<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">-</span>180<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">天。完成一代约需</span>10<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">个月。</span></p><p><br/></p>
美洲大蠊
蟑螂
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<p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">美洲大蠊主要是热带和亚热带种类,也有分布于温带北部。在我国绝大部分省</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市</span>) <span style="box-sizing: border-box;">均有报告,在广东、广西、海南以及福建等南方诸省</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区</span>)<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">,它是优势种。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">1</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">、形态</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">特征</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 成</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">虫:</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">美洲大蠊是室内体型最大的蟑螂,一般体长</span>2<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">7</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">-</span>40 mm<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">,但也有较小或更大的个体。雌成虫和雄成虫约等大,但雌虫较为肥胖。体呈红褐色。前胸背板有一大的黑褐色蝶状斑,斑的中线向后延伸成“小尾”,中线前方有一“</span>T<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">”形黄色条纹,后缘呈灰黄色,色斑较宽。翅发达,伸达腹端。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 卵</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">鞘:</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">美洲大蠊初产卵鞘呈白色,逐渐变为褐色至黑色,长约</span>1 cm<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">,宽约</span>0.5 cm, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;">深褐</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">色,</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">美洲大蠊一生产卵荚</span>21<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">-</span>59<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">只,每只卵荚的卵</span>1<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">4</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">-</span>16<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">粒。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;"> 2</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生活习性</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"> (1)<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">喜温湿环境,最适温度为</span>21-33<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">℃。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"> (2)<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">食性广,几乎可以靠任何有机物生存。偏好腐败的有机物,有时可群集在垃圾堆和粪便上觅食。在室内,除了取食各种食物外,也常咬食书本、衣服、鞋袜等。当缺乏食物时,也可自相残食或吃掉自己产出的卵鞘。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"> (3) <span style="box-sizing: border-box;">美洲大蠊有外栖习</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">性,</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">常在在室外下水道、</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;">沙井、厕所、粪坑(池)、垃圾堆等处栖息。常侵入家庭、饭店、旅馆、杂物堆、酿造厂和各类食品工厂,栖息于上述场所的厨房、下水道、地下室、水暧管道、地台板、墙壁等的缝隙</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">处,有时也栖息在天花板上方。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"> (4)<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">雌虫产卵选择温湿隐藏场所,从口中分泌物质将卵粘附在墙角,厨房操作台下面、抽屉、农贸市场柜台下面、杂物堆中或物体的表面等。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 生活史周期很长,在自然条件下,通常要</span>2<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年左右或更长时间才能完成一个世代,若虫期</span>1<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年左右,成虫寿命约</span>1<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"> (5)<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">美洲大蠊是广东省的优势种,常见于广东的下水道、化粪池、饭店、住宅等环境。</span></p><p><br/></p>
德国小蠊
蟑螂
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0.00
价格:
0.00
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 蟑螂,学名蜚蠊,俗称</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">偷</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">油婆、灶蚂子,远在</span> 3<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">.</span>5<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">亿年前,就已经在地球上生存。蟑螂隶属于节肢动物门昆虫纲蜚蠊目。科学家们估计,全世界的蟑螂近</span>5000<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">种,目前我国已记录的约有</span>253<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">种。其中大部分为野栖种,它们大多生活在草丛、枯枝落叶堆、碎石或树皮下,对人类影响不大。约有</span>14<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">种经常栖息、活动在人们生活场所及周围,影响人类的生活或传播疾病,称为家栖性蟑螂</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">。它们</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是有害生物防制的重要对象。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 38px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal;"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;">德国小蠊遍布全世界,它是一种全球性分布的种类。同时,它也是火车、飞机、船舶等交通工具上的常见种。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 37px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">1</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">形态特性</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成虫:</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">德国小蠊是室内蟑螂中体型最小的一种,体长</span>1<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">0</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">-</span>15mm<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">,呈茶褐色,雌虫色略深,成虫前胸背板有两条平行的黑褐色纵条。翅发达,雄成虫的翅接近腹端,雌成虫的翅超过腹端。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">卵鞘</span>:<strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </strong><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">德国小蠊的初产卵鞘为白色,渐变淡褐色,以至栗褐色。卵孵化前卵鞘两侧有缘带,卵鞘出现约一日,即向左或右旋转横置,卵鞘长</span>7<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">-</span>8 mm<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">,略弯</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">,一生产卵荚</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">4</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">—</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">8</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">只,每个卵荚</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">含卵数</span>3<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">7</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">-</span>44<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">粒</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">2</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生活习性</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;">(1) <span style="box-sizing: border-box;">栖息:成群隐蔽栖息在潮湿、食物丰富的厨房、食品加工厂、食品储物间的缝隙、角落和支架转角处。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">尤其是木质家具的缝隙和电器设备,更是它们经常栖藏的场所。在宾馆、餐饮店和食堂的厨房中,它们也可侵入金属柜橱、瓷砖缝内栖息。在居民住宅,它以侵害厨房和浴室为主。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;">(2) <span style="box-sizing: border-box;">食性:</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以各种有机物为食,尤喜发酵的甜味食品。在西餐厅、酒巴间、面包加工及销售场所种群密度高。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">带鞘的雌虫和若虫,对水的需求较食物迫切。如有水源,而没有食物,成虫一般能存活一月有余,但若虫只能存活</span>10<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">天左右;如缺水,也无食物,则成虫在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">8</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">—</span>12<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">天内死亡,若虫能存活的时间更短;受饥渴的个体,在白天也会从栖息场所中爬出,到处觅水。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;">(3) <span style="box-sizing: border-box;">活动:相对其它种类蟑螂较不怕噪音、震动和强光,所以白天也能见到其活动。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">较耐寒冷,成虫和高龄期若虫也偶见于室外,可在室外垃圾中生活。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"> (4) <span style="box-sizing: border-box;">繁殖:生长发育受温度和湿度的制约。在</span>19<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">℃时,若虫期为</span>147<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">天,在</span>31<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">℃</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">则只需</span>41.7<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">天。在最适宜条件下(温度</span>28<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">℃</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">,相对湿度</span>65<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">-</span>80<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">%,食物丰富),完成世代平均约需</span>62<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">天,其中卵期</span>1<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">5</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">-</span>30<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">天,若虫期</span>3<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体;">0</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">-</span>56<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">天。成虫的雌雄平均寿命有较大差别,</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">雄性</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">平均寿命约</span>118<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">天,雌性</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">平均寿命约</span>87<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">天,</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">一年可繁殖</span>4<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">-</span>5<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">代。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; text-indent: 29px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">由于生活史短和适应性强,孵化率高,繁殖率亦高,因此,它是城镇蟑螂中最难防治的种类之一。</span> </p><p><br/></p>
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